Abstract

Research Article

Morning and Evening Exercise with or without High-Pressure Intervals have Different Effects on Controlling Blood Sugar and Glucose Fluctuations in People with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Reza Sheikh*

Published: 29 December, 2023 | Volume 6 - Issue 1 | Pages: 001-003

Summary: Exercise is recommended for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Also, to control and reduce glucose fluctuations in people with type 1 diabetes. However, the most appropriate time and the most effective intensity of exercise is still unknown, and various studies provide different results and different recommendations, and none of the studies provide a comprehensive and practical result. We conducted our studies to examine the results and determine the effect of time and intensity of exercise on blood sugar control and glucose fluctuations during the day. 
Methods: search in PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords morning, evening, type 1 and 2 diabetes, exercise, interval, periodic, aerobic, and glucose and blood sugar fluctuations were performed. A total of 31 articles were reviewed and finally, 10 articles that were most related to each other or had complementary information were selected. 
Conclusion: HIIT exercises are useful for type 2 diabetes, but they are recommended for type 1 diabetes with less pressure. Morning exercise increases glucose and evening exercise is applicable for type 1 and 2 diabetes.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.ijbmr.1001016 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Diabetes; Morning training; Evening training; High-pressure interval training; Glucose fluctuations

References

  1. Sheikh R, Shakerian S, Tabatabaei SRF, Habibi A. Moderate, and high-intensity interval training protect against diabetes-induced modulation of hepatic CD86 and CD206 expression associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance and inflammation in rats. Immunobiology. 2023; 228(6):152745.
  2. Jusup SA, Douwes M, Purwanto B, Indarto D. Effect of Morning and Afternoon Exercise on the Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
  3. Sheikh R, Nikbakht M. Physical activity and apoptosis, a brief review of previous findings. Sport Sciences and Health Research.
  4. Sheikh R, Gallehdari M. The effect of herbal supplement and exercise training on plasma lipid profile in diabetic male rats. Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk. 2023; 3(2):86-92.
  5. Soleimani N, Gallehdari M, Sheikh R. Effect of six weeks of interval training and curcumin consumption on apolipoprotein A and B in diabetic male rats. Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk. 2023; 3(2):73-80.
  6. Gabriel BM, Zierath JR. The Limits of Exercise Physiology: From Performance to Health. Cell Metab. 2017 May 2;25(5):1000-1011. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.018. PMID: 28467920.
  7. Moholdt T, Parr EB, Devlin BL, Debik J, Giskeødegård G, Hawley JA. The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial. Diabetologia. 2021 Sep;64(9):2061-2076. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05477-5. Epub 2021 May 19. PMID: 34009435; PMCID: PMC8382617.
  8. Fasipe B, Laher I. Nrf2 modulates the benefits of evening exercise in type 2 diabetes. Sports Med Health Sci. 2023 Sep 9;5(4):251-258. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.001. PMID: 38314046; PMCID: PMC10831386.
  9. Wolff G, Esser KA. Scheduled exercise phase shifts the circadian clock in skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Sep;44(9):1663-70. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318255cf4c. PMID: 22460470; PMCID: PMC3414645.
  10. Brooker PG, Gomersall SR, King NA, Leveritt MD. The feasibility and acceptability of morning versus evening exercise for overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2019 Jan 11;14:100320. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100320. PMID: 30705992; PMCID: PMC6348200.
  11. Tian C, Bürki C, Westerman KE, Patel CJ. Association between timing and consistency of physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a cohort study on participants of the UK Biobank. Diabetologia. 2023 Dec;66(12):2275-2282. doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-06001-7. Epub 2023 Sep 20. PMID: 37728730; PMCID: PMC10628002.
  12. D'Haese S, Verboven M, Evens L, Deluyker D, Lambrichts I, Eijnde BO, Hansen D, Bito V. Moderate- and High-Intensity Endurance Training Alleviate Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 12;15(18):3950. doi: 10.3390/nu15183950. PMID: 37764732; PMCID: PMC10535416.
  13. Ahmadi S, Sheikh R. Effect of incremental interval training on levels of Fasl protein in lung tissue of mature male Wistar rats: Does exercise training reduce lung inflammation? Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk. 2023; 3(2):66-72.
  14. Syahputra M, Lindarto D, Ramayani OR, Machrina Y, Purba A, Putra IB, Nasution IPA, Harahap J. Effect of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training and Slow Type Interval Training to Gene Expression of TGF-β in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model Wistar Rats. Med Arch. 2023 Feb;77(1):4-7. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.4-7. PMID: 36919130; PMCID: PMC10008258.
  15. Findikoglu G, Altinkapak A, Yaylali GF. Is isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise superior to moderate-intensity continuous exercise for cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A single-blinded randomized controlled study. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Oct;23(10):2086-2097. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2167238. Epub 2023 Feb 5. PMID: 36622777.
  16. Toghi-Eshghi SR, Yardley JE. Morning (Fasting) vs Afternoon Resistance Exercise in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Nov 1;104(11):5217-5224. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02384. PMID: 31211392.
  17. Turner D, Gray BJ, Luzio S, Dunseath G, Bain SC, Hanley S, Richards A, Rhydderch DC, Ayles M, Kilduff LP, Campbell MD, West DJ, Bracken RM. Similar magnitude of post-exercise hyperglycemia despite manipulating resistance exercise intensity in type 1 diabetes individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Apr;26(4):404-12. doi: 10.1111/sms.12472. Epub 2015 Apr 28. PMID: 25919405.
  18. Takayoshi T, Hirota Y, Yamamoto A, Yoshimura K, Nishikage S, Ueda M. Impact of early-morning administration of rapid-acting insulin on the increase in blood glucose levels related to the dawn phenomenon in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetology International. 2024:1-6.
  19. Yardley JE, Kenny GP, Perkins BA, Riddell MC, Balaa N, Malcolm J, Boulay P, Khandwala F, Sigal RJ. Resistance versus aerobic exercise: acute effects on glycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013 Mar;36(3):537-42. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0963. Epub 2012 Nov 19. PMID: 23172972; PMCID: PMC3579339.
  20. Schiavon M, Dalla Man C, Kudva YC, Basu A, Cobelli C. Quantitative estimation of insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetic subjects wearing a sensor-augmented insulin pump. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1216-23. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1120. Epub 2013 Dec 6. PMID: 24319120; PMCID: PMC3994930.
  21. Hinshaw L, Dalla Man C, Nandy DK, Saad A, Bharucha AE, Levine JA, Rizza RA, Basu R, Carter RE, Cobelli C, Kudva YC, Basu A. Diurnal pattern of insulin action in type 1 diabetes: implications for a closed-loop system. Diabetes. 2013 Jul;62(7):2223-9. doi: 10.2337/db12-1759. Epub 2013 Feb 27. PMID: 23447123; PMCID: PMC3712033

Figures:

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?